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1 minute ago, CaaC (John) said:

The Tigers came good in the last quarter and your Cats stamina vanished, up to the 3rd quarter you played good but the last 20 minutes you were fucked and Lynch & Martin destroyed you lot in a 2 man show, hard luck Phill, better luck next season to stop Richmond winning 3 in a row.

Problem was Dangerfield and Hawkins went missing. I think Selwood didn’t have a disposal in the first quarter and Miers disappeared as well. Nobody stood up to be counted. 

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Roy Keane having a meltdown because Cahill said Arsenal are progressing xD Says nothing when Redknapp does, fucking prick, probably got that 'English colonial' mindest without even realising.

 

Edited by Spike
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49 minutes ago, Spike said:

Roy Keane having a meltdown because Cahill said Arsenal are progressing xD Says nothing when Redknapp does, fucking prick, probably got that 'English colonial' mindest without even realising.

 

Keane is a prick. Loves to give it out and will speak his mind. That bit I don't mind of course. But when someone dares to speak out against him or have a debate with him, he hates it. Not a fan of someone who gives it out but can't take it. Dickheads. Makes them look weak. He's clearly just jealous that Arsenal are getting their shit together and have some air of stability as opposed to the shite he has to watch week in, week out with that melon in charge.

Cahill is right especially talking about lack of leaders & lack of influence. Nothing wrong with what he said at all. Clearly tries to say that Arsenal learn from their mistakes and where they go wrong. Man Utd don't. Keane gets offended at it.

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16 minutes ago, DeadLinesman said:

Damn that Irishman with his English colonial mindset xD

That is the point... congratulations you got the joke. Just because you love the bloke doesn’t mean he isn’t an arrogant prick that can’t see the forest for the trees. Why does he talk down to Cahill, but not Redknapp? 

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18 hours ago, Spike said:

Roy Keane having a meltdown because Cahill said Arsenal are progressing xD Says nothing when Redknapp does, fucking prick, probably got that 'English colonial' mindest without even realising.

 

Keane let’s Redknapp speak yet Redknapp was pretty much agreeing with Tim. Stay strong Tim we love you x 

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A new view of Tweed Valley’s attraction

It’s a ‘natural laboratory’ to test carbon sequestration.

a1.thumb.png.41ba61bb84cf9de6f21c00d456ccf94a.png

Australia’s Tweed Valley region, in northern NSW, boasts world-class surf breaks and sub-tropical rainforest – and according to new research, it is also the perfect natural laboratory to pull carbon out of the atmosphere.

To meet the Paris Agreement and prevent the average global temperature from rising more than two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, the world needs to rapidly slash emissions. But current national commitments are falling dismally short of the target.

Research is attempting to pick up the slack by developing methods to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, using both technology and enhanced natural processes.

One proposed method involves ramping up the natural weathering of silicate rocks like olivine or basalt, formed by ancient volcanic activity.

“When common rocks, known as olivine, chemically break down, they absorb carbon dioxide to form carbonates that can then be washed into the oceans,” explains lead author Kyle Manley, a postgraduate researcher now at the University of California Irvine, US.

Plankton uses these dissolved carbonates to build their calcium carbonate shells or skeletons. When they die and float down to the seafloor, their bodies accumulate into thick layers of deep-sea sediments that keep the carbon locked away for millions of years.

Previous research has suggested that olivine weathering could be harnessed to remove millions of tonnes of carbon from the atmosphere every year, but those ideas have not yet been tested on a large scale.

Now, geoscientists from the University of Sydney have used computer modelling to study a local region with the potential to test this method of carbon capture: the 1326-square-kilometre Tweed catchment area, which is near the site of a large extinct volcano.

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Their results are published in the journal Frontiers in Earth Sciences.

“We ran seven scenarios up to 2100 and 2500 to see how much carbon might be absorbed in different climatic conditions,” explains co-author Tristan Salles from the University of Sydney.

The scenarios attempt to describe the complex connections between weathering and sea-level rise predicted to occur along the Tweed Coast.

“Future climate change will increase the rate of weathering in this area and distribute enormous amounts of eroded volcanic debris across the coastal floodplain and along the coast,” says co-author Dietmar Müller, also from the University of Sydney.

Although coastal erosion from rising seas will counter some of the effects, all seven scenarios estimated that millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide could be absorbed by olivine weathering by the end of the century.

“But this is a drop in the ocean of the billions of tonnes a year of carbon pollution expected to be emitted over the coming decades and centuries,” cautions Salles.

The United Nations estimates that in a mid-range scenario, where we cut emissions but not as drastically as needed, humans will emit 70 billion tonnes of carbon per year by 2100. A site like the Tweed River region would therefore absorb less than 0.1 per cent of carbon emissions.

Pep Canadell, a researcher at the CSIRO Climate Science Centre who was not involved in the study, agrees that scale of removal is an issue.

“Australia is emitting about 530,000,000 tonnes per year of CO2 equivalent from human activities,” Canadell says – while the modelling predicts the Tweed region would absorb an average of 780,000 tonnes of carbon per year.

Although every effort helps, he says that this region “won’t change a bit the overall trajectory of the human influence in the accumulation of atmospheric CO2.”

However, Müller points out that studying smaller areas is still important to better understand the efficiency of carbon sequestration processed outside of the lab.

“Nobody is suggesting that carbon sequestration via olivine weathering will solve our problems,” says Müller.

“[But] natural laboratories need to be investigated to find out whether this process could be turned into a negative emissions technology. The idea is that volcanic olivine sand would be spread across coastal areas to create green sand beaches. Waves help break down the rock, accelerating a reaction that ultimately removes CO2 from the atmosphere.”

The modelling in this study could also help identify other regions ideal for enhanced natural carbon sequestration – and, as a by-product, model how these landscapes will be transformed as the seas rise.

“In the most extreme climate change scenario… the morphology of the NSW north coast and Gold Coast will be unrecognisable by 2500,” says Müller.

“The coast will be a series of embayments, estuaries and lagoons, with dark volcanic sand changing the white colour of beaches forever. If this is not what we want to see happening, we need to make a much more serious effort to reduce carbon emissions.”

201025-Tweed-calderaTweed-Caldera.jpg

https://cosmosmagazine.com/uncategorized/new-view-of-tweed-valleys-attraction/

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Were there rainforests in Australia’s deserts?

Prehistoric fossil evidence suggests the answer is ‘yes’.

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Credit: Queensland Museum

Australia’s dry, red centre used to be green, according to fossil evidence of plants that thrive in rainforests. An international research team says it’s the first time the plants have been noted in the Gondwanan southern hemisphere.

“These fossils show that the evolutionary history of the family is much more complex than previously thought,” says Andrew Rozefelds from the Queensland Museum, lead author of a paper in the journal Historical Biology.

The Eocene fossils, dated from 56 to 34 million years ago, were from distinctive Icacinaceae fruits discovered near Lake Eyre in northern South Australia and Tasmania’s Tamar Valley.

Icacinaceae is a flowering plant family that includes tropical vines, low shrubs and trees, with 23 known genera worldwide. Modern plants are found in tropics across southeast Asia, the central Americas, central Africa and Madagascar.

Two species of the fruits were discovered in Australia and combined with other leaf and fruit fossils and the pollen record suggest the continent was prehistorically dominated by rainforest communities.

Although the plant family isn’t well known, palaeobotanists recognise its importance for understanding the history of the world’s tropical forests.

It was a serendipitous discovery. Rozefelds spotted two specimens from Tasmania in London’s Natural History Museum, which had been collected by natural historian Joseph Milligan around the 1840s.

Collaborating with Icacinaceae expert Greg Stull from Washington’s Smithsonian Institution, Rozefelds and colleagues matched the fossils to specimens that he had been sent many years previously from South Australia’s geological survey, which they attributed to the Phytocreneae tribe.

It’s an example of the rich trove of biological diversity languishing in museums that can go undetected without close inspection by experts.

Stull remarks that the new discoveries “are the first unequivocal evidence of the family from Australia and they show that at least two species occur in the continent”.

The South Australian fossils had unique features, earning them a new genus named Machesteria australis in honour of palaeobotanist Steven Manchester from the University of Florida.

Most Icacinaceae fossils have been dated to the Eocene, an era with warmer and wetter climates than today, with higher global temperatures. In Australia, the most closely related modern plants are limited to the tropics of northeast Queensland.

The fossil record suggests that the family – at least the Phytocreneae tribe – might have originated in North America and Europe before diversifying and moving south.

The latest insight, made possible by modern molecular analysis, challenges that view, the authors say, suggesting the plants were distributed more broadly by the middle of the Eocene – possibly migrating through Antarctica.

“This suggests that the modern distribution of Phytocreneae has largely been shaped by regional extinction/extirpation since the Eucoene,” they write, “likely driven by post-Eocene climatic cooling.”

In Australia, they say, this probably happened during the later Cenozoic as the continent became drier and cooler.

https://cosmosmagazine.com/history/palaeontology/were-there-rainforests-in-australias-deserts/

 

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Rare Bigfin Squid in Australian waters

Scientists record some striking footage.

Australia is home to a host of weird and wonderful creatures, and now it can add the rare Bigfin Squid to its inventory.

Credit: Matthew Marrison (MNF)

Scientists aboard a deep-sea research voyage led by the national science agency CSIRO have recorded five individuals in the Great Australian Bight at depths of up to three kilometres.

It’s a first for Australian waters, and one of only a dozen confirmed sightings worldwide.

Alongside its large fins, the appropriately named Bigfin Squid (family Magnapinnidae) has a striking long arm and tentacle filaments.

“Differences in their appearance meant we were able to confirm they were five separate individuals, rather than the same squid multiple times, and although the surveys covered a relatively large area, the squid was actually found clustered close together,” says marine scientist Deborah Osterhage.

From the recordings, the team was able to measure the length of one squid, finding its tentacle filaments were more than 11 times their body length.

They also observed their colours and behaviours, including filament coiling behaviour which has not previously been seen in squids.

The findings are reported in the journal PLOS ONE.

https://cosmosmagazine.com/nature/marine-life/rare-bigfin-squid-in-australian-waters/

 

Edited by CaaC (John)
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3 hours ago, Cazza said:

A bit true being honest.

Melbourne or Perth? Because you haven’t been here for quite a while right? Plenty to do on Sundays now for one. That song is at least 6 years old haha 

Edited by Toinho
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