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On 18/11/2023 at 15:49, MUFC said:

I want to visit this area. It looks really interesting.

 

Interesting to see a different view on Hasidism because you really only get horror stories about sexual abuse, domestic abuse, abuse from those in power (the rabbbis), though I've only watched the first five minutes maybe it gets worse...

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The big archaeology discoveries of 2023

The story of humanity stretches back thousands of years and thanks to archaeologists around the world, new pages are being added to the record every year. In 2023, these history scientists uncovered new and interesting details about individual humans and entire cultures.

From Egyptian mummies being subjected to CT scans to cash prizes for deciphering carbonised scrolls from Mount Vesuvius, archaeologists have been hard at work in 2023. Here are some of the most fascinating stories exploring the ancient world covered by Cosmos this year…

 

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Parthenon centaur has a mystery head feature

Statue of centaur head

A centaur head from Parthenon temple, National Museum of Denmark. Note the brown stain over half of the face Credit: John Lee, National Museum of Denmark

A marble head belonging to a centaur statue from the ancient Greek Parthenon has a substance on it that continues to stump scientists.

The head, which has been housed in Denmark since 1688, is partly coated with a thin brown film that matches similar coatings found on parts of the Parthenon.

 

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Human fossil discovery upends history of Palaeolithic Europe

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 A surprise discovery of human remains in a German cave has “fundamentally changed” the story of our species’ migration into Europe.

It suggests that Homo sapiens likely made it to Northern Europe 47,500 years ago, overlapping humans’ presence with Neanderthals.

The detailed analysis of stone tools from a re-excavated cave near the German village of Ranis, about 240km southwest of Berlin, was conducted by a large group led by researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Their findings were published today across three major research papers in the journal Nature.

 

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Rare 3D tree fossil “unlike any alive today”

image.thumb.png.6cbe6ea07128aef6b87e06e963d01a98.png A 352-million-year-old tree fossil has been discovered in Canada which resembles nothing that we have ever seen before.

The find is also very rare because, unlike most fossilised trees, it shows what the overall tree’s form would have looked like. Usually, only the trunks of trees fossilise. This doesn’t reveal the tree’s canopy or how it might have looked overall.

 

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Roman object that baffled experts to go on show at Lincoln Museum

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A mysterious Roman artefact found during an amateur archaeological dig is going on public display in Lincolnshire for the first time.

The object is one of only 33 dodecahedrons ever found in Britain, and the first to have been discovered in the Midlands.

It was found in Norton Disney, near Lincoln, in the summer of 2023.

The artefact is also one of the largest ever found, measuring about 3in (8cm) tall and weighing half a pound (245g).

The 12-sided object was unearthed by a group of local volunteers......

 

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Massive Neolithic settlement found in Serbia

image.thumb.png.c33ab32d607ca7f31a5befdae0d36593.png A 7,000-year-old Neolithic settlement has been found in Serbia. It is among largest Late Stone Age settlements found in the country.

The settlement was found near the Tamiš River in northeast Serbia’s Banat region which it shares with Hungary and Romania. The Serbian part of the Banat is flat and marshy. It includes the largest area of sandy terrain in Europe – a 300-km2 area called the Deliblato Sands which used to be part of a prehistoric desert.

The newly discovered settlement is only 40 km northwest of the sands, outside the village of Jarkovac.......

 

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A brief history of the Persian polymath who gave his name to algorithms

image.thumb.png.5b8e828e4e0f251495d7684d9b691b8a.png Algorithms have become integral to our lives. From social media apps to Netflix, algorithms learn your preferences and prioritise the content you are shown. Google Maps and artificial intelligence are nothing without algorithms.

So, we’ve all heard of them, but where does the word “algorithm” even come from?

Over 1,000 years before the internet and smartphone apps, Persian scientist and polymath Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī invented the concept of algorithms.

In fact, the word itself comes from the Latinised version of his name, “algorithmi”. And, as you might suspect, it’s also related to algebra.

Largely lost to time..........

 

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New dinosaur is only the fourth to be described in Zimbabwe

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Fossils found on the shore of Lake Kariba in northwest Zimbabwe have been identified as a new dinosaur which lived about 210 million years ago.

Musanka sanyatiensis is described in a paper published in Acta Palaeontologica Polonica.

The creature is known from the remains of a single hind leg which includes its thigh, shin and ankle bones......

 

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Photographic history nearly lost in WWII a window into the future of East Antarctica

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A nearly 100-year history of East Antarctic aerial photos has given a unique perspective to the region’s history amid the greatest challenge for the southernmost continent.

Combining historical photos, including some dating back 87 years, researchers have compiled a short-term evolutionary history of glaciers in East Antarctica, generally considered the more stable Antarctic half.

The photography of 2,000km of coastline overlayed with current satellite technology shows two contrasting stories.

 

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Pipe dig reveals Roman and Bronze Age settlements

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Evidence of settlements dating back 3,000 years have been discovered near a reservoir.

They have been unearthed by archaeologists digging ahead of the construction of a 19.5km (12-mile) water pipeline close to Abberton Reservoir, near Colchester.

Artefacts found include Roman coins and pottery from the Iron and Bronze Ages.......

 

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Exquisite fossil worm from 520 million years ago preserves brain

A fossil of a larva which lived more than half a billion years ago might shed light on the earliest ancestors of modern insects, spiders, crabs and centipedes.

Named Youti yuanshi, the fossil is described in a new paper published in Nature.

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How was Egypt’s oldest pyramid built? Experts reveal new theory

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Nearly years ago, ancient Egyptians revolutionised the way in which humans shape the world around them.

A new paper published in the PLOS ONE journal explains that ancient Egyptians probably became the world’s first hydraulics engineers to do this.

The research centres on the oldest of Egypt’s iconic pyramids: the funerary complex of King Djoser.

 

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Stonehenge’s 6-tonne Altar Stone was transported from Scotland

How was Stonehenge built in ancient Britain 5,000 years ago?

🧐 evidence suggests the Late Stone Age people who made the colossal structure would have to have used advanced transport methods to move the stones even further than previously thought.

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Discovery of houses where Iron Age and Viking Age people visited their dead

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Three mortuary houses in Norway dating to the Iron Age and Viking Age are slowly revealing ancient funerary rituals.

The sites were discovered in 2019 and 2020 when a road was being constructed in the village of Vinjeøra, central Norway. They date between 500 and 950 CE.

 

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World’s oldest cheese found in China next to Bronze Age mummies

Ever had an aged cheddar or parmesan that was extra sharp and thought – how old is too old for cheese? Well, the aging just got a whole lot longer.

A cheese found in northwestern China is 3,600 years old and is the subject of a paper published today in the journal Cell.

Ancient mummy from china tibet 
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If that’s not enough to spoil your appetite, the scientists report that the cheese was found alongside mummified corpses in the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang province.

Luckily, they resisted the urge to have a nibble, instead subjecting the Bronze Age cheese to a smorgasbord of tests.

“This is the oldest known cheese sample ever discovered,” says corresponding author Qiaomei Fu, from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

“Food items like cheese are extremely difficult to preserve over thousands of years, making this a rare and valuable opportunity. Studying the ancient cheese in great detail can help us better understand our ancestors’ diet and culture,” she adds.

 

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Ancient DNA debunks assumptions about Pompeii’s famed body casts

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The DNA of people killed during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius at Pompeii has turned traditional ideas of the victims’ identities and relationships on their head.

Located just outside of modern-day Naples, Italy, the Roman town of Pompeii was buried under volcanic material in 79 CE. The ash, which compacted around the bodies of many of the dying, preserved their outlines as they decayed.

 

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